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Rydberg's Teutonic Mythology

Many thanks go to William Reaves, Nicky Page and Eysteinn Bjornsson for making it possible for us to bring this work to the web.

Our Fathers' Godsaga by Viktor Rydberg, translated by William P. Reaves. A complete translation of Viktor Rydberg's Fädernas Gudasaga, including the "Catalog of Mythic Names" and all 11 illustrations by noted Children's artist John Bauer from the 1911 German edition. 223 pages. iUniverse, 2003.

Hardcover US $25.95, Paperback US $15.95.

Also now available - Viktor Rydberg's Investigations into Germanic Mythology, Vol. II, Part 2: Germanic Mythology translated and annotated by William P. Reaves. A translation of pages 183-427 of Viktor Rydberg's Undersökningar i Germanisk Mythology, andre delen (1889), including Rydberg's full investigation of the Baldur Myth and the poem Hárbarðsljóð, as well as Rydberg's final timeline of mythic events. 236 pages, iUniverse 2004.

Hardcover US $29.95, Paperback $19.95

Available at retail booksellers everywhere. Please ask for it!

Viktor Rydberg's Teutonic Mythology

I. Introduction.

A. The Ancient Aryans.

1. The Words German and Germanic.

2. The Aryan Family of Languages.

3. The Hypothesis concerning the Asiatic Origin of the Aryans.

4. The Hypothesis concerning the European Origin of the Aryans.

5. The Aryan Land of Europe.

B. Ancient Teutondom (Germanien)

6. The Geographical Position of Ancient Teutondom. The Stone Age of Ancient Teutondom.

II. Mediæval Migration Sagas.

A. The Learned Saga in Regard to the Emigration From Troy-Asgard. .

7. The Saga in Heimskringla and the Prose Edda.

8. The Troy Saga in Heimskringla and the Prose Edda (continued).

9. Saxo's Relation of the Story of Troy.

10. The Older Periods of the Troy Saga.

11. The Origin of the Story in regard to the Trojan Descent of the Franks.

12. Why Odin was given Antenor's Place as Leader of the Trojan Emigration.

13. The Materials of the Icelandic Troy Saga.

14. The Result of the Foregoing Investigations.

B. Reminiscences in the Popular Traditions of the Middle Ages of the Heathen Migration Saga.

15. The Longobardian Migration Saga.

16. The Saxon and Swabian Migration Saga.

17. The Frankish Migration Saga.

18. Jordanes on the Emigration of the Goths, Gepidæ, and Herulians. The Migration Saga of the Burgundians. Traces of an Alamannic Migration Saga.

19. The Teutonic Emigration Saga found in Tacitus. III. The Myth Concerning the Earliest Period and the Emigrations From the North.

20. The Creation of Man. The Primeval Country. Scef, the Bringer of Culture.

21. Scef, the Author of Culture identical with Heimdal-Rig, the Original Patriarch.

22. Heimdal's Son, Borgar-Skjold, the Second Patriarch.

23. Borgar-Skjold's Son Halfdan, the Third Patriarch.

24. Halfdan's Enmity with Orvandel and Svipdag.

25. Halfdan's Identity with Mannus in "Germania".

26. The Sacred Runes Learned from Heimdal.

27. Sorcery the Reverse of the Sacred Runes. Gullveig-Heidur, the Source of Sorcery. The Moral Deterioration of the Original Man.

28A. Heimdal and the Sun-Dis.

28B. Loki Causes Enmity between the Gods and the Original Artists (the Creators of All Things Growing). The Consequence is the Fimbul-winter and Emigrations.

29. Evidence that Halfdan is Identical with Helgi Hundingsbani.

30. Halfdan's Birth and the End of the Age of Peace. The Names Ylfing, Hilding, Budlung.

31. Halfdan's Character. The Weapon-Myth.

32. Halfdan's Conflicts Interpreted as Myths of Nature. The War with the Heroes from Svarin's Mound. Halfdan's Marriage with Dises of Vegetation.

33. Review of the Svipdag Myth and its Points of Connection with the Myth about Halfdan.

34. The World War. Its Cause. The Murder of Gullveig-Heidr. The Voice of Counsel between the Asas and the Vans.

35. Gullveig-Heidr. Her Identity with Aurboda, Angrboda, Hyrrokin. The Myth concerning the Sword Guardian and Fjalar.

36. The World War (continued). The Breach of Peace between Asas and Vans. Frigg, Skadi, and Ull in the Conflict. The Siege of Asgard. The Vaferflames. The Defence and Surroundings of Asgard. The Victory of the Vans.

37. The World War (continued). The Significance of the Conflict from a Religious-Ritual Standpoint.

38. The World War (continued). The War in Midgard between Halfdan's Sons. Groa's Sons against Alveig's. Loki's Appearance on the Stage. Hadding's Youthful Adventures.

39. The World War (continued). The Position of the Divine Clans to the Warriors.

40. The World War (continued). Hadding's Defeat. Loki in the Council and on the Battle-Field. Heimdal the Protector of his Descendant Hadding.

41. The World War (continued). Hadding's Journey to the East. Reconciliation between the Asas and Vans. "The Hun War." Hadding Returns and Conquers. Reconciliation between Groa's Descendants and Alveig's. Loki's Punishment.

42. Halfdan and Hamal, Foster-Brothers. The Amalians Fight in behalf of Halfdan's Son Hadding. Hamal and the Wedge-Formed Battle-Array. The Original Model of the Bravalla Battle.

43. Evidence that Dieterich "of Bern" is Hadding. The Dieterich Saga thus has its Origin in the Myth concerning the War between Mannus-Halfdan's Sons.

IV. The Myth in Regard to the Lower World.

44. Middle Age Sagas with Roots in the Myth concerning the Lower World. Eirik Vidforli's Saga.

45. Middle Age Sagas (continued). Icelandic sources in regard to Gudmund, King on the Glittering Plains.

46. Middle Age Sagas (continued). Saxo concerning this same Gudmund, ruler of the Lower World.

47. Middle Age Sagas (continued). Fjallerus and Hadingus (Hadding) in the Lower World.

48. Middle Age Sagas (continued). A Frisian Saga in Adam of Bremen.

49. Analysis of the Sagas mentioned in Nos. 44-48.

50. Analysis of the Sagas mentioned in Nos. 44-48. The Question in regard to the Identification of Odainsakur.

51. Gudmund's Identity with Mimir.

52. Mimir's Grove. Lif and Leifthrasir.

53. At What Time Did Lif and Leifthrasir Get Their Place of Refuge in Mimir's Grove? The Asmegir. Mimir's Position in the Mythology. The Numina of the Lower World.

54. The Iranian Myth concerning Mimir's Grove.

55. The Purpose of Mimir's Grove in the Regeneration of the World.

56. The Cosmography. Criticism on Gylfaginning's Cosmography.

57. The Word Hel in Linguistic Usage.

58. The Word Hel in Vegtamskviða and in Vafþrúðnismál.

59. The Word Hel in Grímnismál. Hvergelmir's Fountain and its Defenders. The Border Mountain between Hel and Niflhel. The Word Helblótinn in Þórsdrápa.

60. The Word Hel in Skírnismál. Description of Niflhel. The Mythic Meaning of Nár, Náir. The Hades-division of the Frost-Giants and Spirits of Disease.

61. The Word Hel in Völuspá. Who the Inhabitants of Hel Are.

62. The Word Hel in Alvíssmál. The Classes of Beings in Hel.

63. The Word Hel in Other Passages. The Result of the Investigation for the Cosmography and for the Meaning of the Word Hel. Hel in a Local Sense the Kingdom of Death, Particularly its Realms of Bliss. Hel in a Personal Sense Identical with the Goddess of Fate and Death, that is, Urd.

64. Urd's Maid-Servants: (1) Maid-Servants of Life - Norns, Dises of Birth, Hamingjur, Giptur, Fylgjur; (2) Maid-Servants of Death - Valkyries, the Psycho-Messengers of Diseases and Accidents.

65. On the Cosmography. The Way of Those Fallen by the Sword to Valhall is through the Lower World.

66. The Choosing. The Middle-Age Fable about "Risting with the Spear-point."

67. The Psycho-Messengers of Those not Fallen by the Sword. Loki's daughter (Pseudo-Hel in Gylfaginning) identical with Leikin.

68. The Way to Hades common to the Dead.

69. The Two Thingsteads of the Asas. The Extent of the Authority of the Asas and of the Dis of Fate. The Doom of the Dead.

70. The Doom of the Dead (continued). Speech-Runes, Orðs Tírr, Námæli.

71. The Doom of the Dead (continued). The Looks of the Thingstead.The Duty of Taking Care of the Ashes of the Dead. The Hamingja at the Judgement. Sins of Weakness. Sins unto Death.

72. The Hades-Drink.

73. The Hades-Drink (continued). The Hades-Horn Embellished with Serpents.

74. After the Judgement. The Lot of the Blessed.

75. After the Judgement (continued). The Fate of the Damned. Their Path. Arrival at the Na-Gates.

76. The Places of Punishment.

77. The Places of Punishment (continued). The Hall in Nastrond.

78. The Places of Punishment (continued). Loki's Cave of Punishment. Gylfaginning's Confounding of Muspell's Sons with the Sons of Suttung.

79. The Great World-Mill. Its Mistaken Identity with the Frodi-Mill.

80. The Great World-Mill (continued).

81. The Great World-Mill (continued). The World-Mill Makes the Constellations Revolve. Mundilfori.

82. The Great World-Mill (continued). The Origin of the Sacred Fire through Mundilfori. Heimdall the Personification of the Sacred Fire. His Identity with Rigveda's Agni. His antithesis, Loki, also a Fire-being.

83. Mundilfori's Identity with Lodur.

84. Nott, the Mother of the Gods.

85. Narfi, Nott's Father, Identical with Mimir. A Pseudo-Narfi in the Younger Edda.

86. The Two Giant Clans Descended from Ymir.

87. The Identity of Mimir and Nidhad of the Volund Saga.

88. A General Review of Mimir's Names and Epithets.

89. The Mead Myth.

90. The Mead Myth (continued). The Moon and the Mead. Proofs that Nanna's Father is the Ward of the Atmosphere and God of the Moon.

91. The Myth Concerning the Moon-God (continued).

92. The Moon-Dis Nanna. The Merseburg Formula. Baldur's Name Falur.

93. Cosmographic Review.

94. The Seven Sleepers.

95. On the Anthropology of the Mythology.

V. THE IVALDI RACE.

96. Svipdag and Groa.

97. Svipdag Outside the Gates of Asgard. Menglad's Identity with Freyja.

98. Svipdag Brings to Asgard the Sword of Revenge Forged by Volund.

99. Svipdag's Father Orvandil, the Star-Hero. Explanation of his Epithet Sólbjartur.

100. Svipdag Rescued Freyja from the Hands of the Giants. Saxo on Otharus and Syritha. Svipdag Identical with Otharus.

101. Svipdag in Saxo's Account of Hotherus.

102. Svipdag's Synonym Eirekur. Ericus Disertus in Saxo.

103. The Svipdag Synonym Eirekur (continued).

104. The Later Fortunes of the Volund Sword.

105. The Svipdag Epithet Skirnir. The Volund Sword's Name Gambanteinn.

106. Svipdag's Later Fortunes. His Transformation and Death. Freyja Goes in Search of Him. Freyja's Epithet Mardöll. The Sea-Kidney, Brísingamen. Svipdag's Epithet Hermóður.

107. Reminiscences of the Svipdag-Myth.

108. Svipdag's Father Orvandil. Evidence that He is Identical with Volund's Brother Egil. The Orvandil Synonym Ebbo (Ebur, Ibor).

109. Frey fostered in the Home of Orvandil-Egil and Volund. Orvandil's Epithet Isolfur. Volund's Epithet Aggo.

110. Svipdag's Grandfather is Ivaldi. Orvandil, Volund, and Slagfin Therefore Identical with Ivaldi's Sons.

111. The Result of the Judgement Passed on the Works of Art Produced by the Ivaldi sons. Parallel Myths in Rigveda.

112. The Consequences of the Judgement Passed on the Ivaldi Sons (continued). Njord's Effort to Bring About a Reconciliation.

113. Proofs that Ivaldi's Sons are Identical with Olvaldi's.

114. Proofs that Ivaldi's Sons are Ölvaldi's (continued). A Review of Þórsdrápa.

115. Review of the Proofs of Völund's Identity with Þjazi.

116. A Look at the Myth Concerning Þjazi-Völund. His Epithet Hlebardur. His Worst Deed of Revenge.

117. The Guard at Hvergelmir and the Elivagar.

118. Slagfinn. His Identity with Gjuki. Slagfinn, Egil, and Volund are Niflungs.

119. The Niflung Hoard is the Treasure Left by Völund and His Brothers.

120. Slagfinn-Gjuki's Synonyms Dankrat (Þakkráður), Irung, Aldrian. Slagfinn a Star Hero Like His Brothers. Aldrian's Identity with Cheldricus-Gelderus.

121. Slagfinn's Identity with Hjuki. His Appearance in the Moon-Myth and the Baldur-Myth. Bil's Identity with Idun.

122. Review of the Synonyms of the Sons of Ivaldi.

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